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Overview of Focus Groups
Groups are a common experience. We find ourselves invited, herded, or
seduced into groups for planning, decision making, advising, brainstorming,
learning, sharing, and self-help. Groups can be fun and fruitful, but
they can also be agonizing experiences that are unnecessary, unproductive,
and time-consuming. We believe there are two reasons group experiences
turn into wasted time. The leaders are fuzzy about the purpose and/or
the process.
Sometimes, the purpose of the group is clearly understood, such as when
a nominating committee convenes to develop a slate of officer candidates.
At other times, the purpose of the group is vague or perceived differently
by different participants. The function of the group may be to suggest
ideas, to clarify potential options, to react to ideas, to recommend a
course of action, to make a decision, to plan, or to evaluate. Each purpose
is different from the others. If leaders aren't clear about the purpose
of the group, or if they say it is one thing but lead the group in another
direction, participants get confused and frustrated.
Even if the leader is clear about the purpose, he or she may not have
the skills needed to guide the group. Group process skills are essential
if the group is to accomplish its purpose. But the skills necessary for
leading one type of group experience may not work in another. The processes
used to get participants' reactions to ideas are different from the processes
used for group decision making.
The purpose of this book is to help you-the reader-to learn to do focus
group research. We will share what we have learned-what has worked for
us. We hope that you will be clearer about the purpose of focus groups
and the processes used to conduct focus group research.
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