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Developing a Written Plan
After we have discussed the purpose, talked about who to listen to, and
gotten advice from people like the audiences we want to listen to, we
develop a written plan. The value of the written plan is threefold. First,
it forces the researcher to think through the study in a logical manner
and clarify ideas. Ideas that make sense in our discussions sometimes
have glaring shortcomings when placed on paper. Second, the written plan
allows decision makers to provide feedback. Written plans can be circulated
and discussed more readily than our thoughts. Plans can also highlight
differences in understanding-such as different views of the purpose of
a project-before the project goes too far. The plan helps us make sure
everyone is in agreement and that we understand the client's needs. Third,
plans ensure that adequate resources and time are available to obtain
needed information.
We include the purpose, background information, types of information needed,
target audiences, plan of action, products or deliverables, timeline,
and budget. A timeline should contain the following elements: dates, steps,
people responsible, people assisting, and comments. The timeline presents
the sequence of steps and identifies which tasks are to be completed by
which team members. Administrators have regularly criticized evaluators
and researchers for not respecting the time requirements of decision making.
At some point a decision will be made, regardless of whether the results
are available. The timeline provides decision makers with a timetable
for information-a timetable that must be prepared in advance and then
respected by both the researcher and the decision maker.
The plan should be shared with colleagues, particularly those who are
familiar with the issue or program being studied. It is also helpful to
share it with colleagues or professionals familiar with focus group interviewing
procedures. When we ask others to review the plan, we ask them to point
out areas where things could go wrong-aspects that are illogical, impractical,
or unclear.