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Chapter
3 Outline
Notes
- See R. Dore, Taking Japan Seriously
(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987).
- E. B. Tylor, Primitive Culture
(London: Murray, 1871).
- Geert Hofstede, Culture's Consequences:
International Differences in Work Related Values
(Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1984), p. 21.
- J. Z. Namenwirth and R. B. Weber, Dynamics
of Culture (Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1987),
p. 8.
- R. Mead, International Management:
Cross Cultural Dimensions (Oxford: Blackwell
Business, 1994), p. 7.
- "Iraq: Down But Not Out," The
Economist, April 8, 1995, pp. 21 - 23.
- S. P. Huntington, The Clash of
Civilizations (New York, Simon & Schuster,
1996).
- M. Thompson, R. Ellis, and A. Wildavsky, Cultural
Theory (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990).
- M. Douglas, "Cultural Bias," In
the Active Voice (London: Routledge, 1982),
pp. 183 - 254.
- M. L. Dertouzos, R. K. Lester, and R. M. Solow, Made
in America (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989).
- C. Nakane, Japanese Society
(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1970).
- Ibid.
- For details, see M. Aoki, Information,
Incentives, and Bargaining in the Japanese Economy
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), and Dertouzos, Lester,
and Solow, Made in America.
- For an excellent historical treatment of the evolution
of the English class system see E. P. Thompson, The
Making of the English Working Class. London:
Vintage Books, 1966. See also R. Miliband, The
State in Capitalist Society. New York: Basic
Books, 1969, especially chapter 2. For more recent studies of class
in British societies see (1) Stephen Brook. Class:
Knowing Your Place in Modern Britain. London:
Victor Gollancz, 1997. (2) A. Adonis and S. Pollard. A
Class Act: The Myth of Britain's Classless Society.
London, 1997. (3) J. Gerteis and M. Savage. "The salience of class in
Britain and America: A comparative analysis." British
Journal of Sociology, June, 1998.
- A. Adonis and S. Pollard. A Class
Act: The Myth of Britain's Classless Society.
London, 1997.
- N. Goodman, An Introduction to
Sociology (New York: Harper Collins, 1991).
- M. Weber, The Protestant Ethic
and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York: Scribner's
Sons, 1958 (original 1904 - 1905). For an excellent review of Weber's
work see A. Giddens, Capitalism and Modern Social
Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1971).
- M. Weber, The Protestant Ethic
and the Spirit of Capitalism, p. 35.
- See S. M. Abbasi, K. W. Hollman, and J. H. Murrey, "Islamic
Economics: Foundations and Practices," International
Journal of Social Economics 16, no. 5 (1990),
pp. 5 - 17, and R. H. Dekmejian, Islam in Revolution:
Fundamentalism in the Arab World (Syracuse:
Syracuse University Press, 1995).
- T. W. Lippman, Understanding Islam
(New York: Meridian Books, 1995).
- Dekmejian, Islam in Revolution:
Fundamentalism in the Arab World.
- M. K. Nydell, Understanding Arabs
(Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press, 1987).
- Lippman, Understanding Islam.
- The material in this section is based largely on Abbasi,
Hollman, and Murrey, "Foundations and Practices."
- "Islam's Interest," The Economist,
January 18, 1992, pp. 33 - 34.
- For details of Weber's work and views, see A. Giddens,
Capitalism and Modern Social Theory.
- See, for example, the views expressed in "A Survey of
India: The Tiger Steps Out," The Economist,
January 21, 1995.
- See R. Dore, R. Taking Japan Seriously
(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987); and C. W. L. Hill,
"Transaction Cost Economizing as a Source of Comparative Advantage:
The Case of Japan," Organization Science
6 (1995).
- See M. Aoki, Information, Incentives,
and Bargaining in the Japanese Economy (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1988), and J. P. Womack, D T. Jones, and
D. Roos, The Machine that Changed the World
(New York: Rawson Associates, 1990).
- This hypothesis dates back to two anthropologists, Edward
Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf. See E. Sapir, "The Status of Linguistics
as a Science," Language
5 (1929), pp. 207 - 14, and B. L. Whorf, Language,
Thought, and Reality (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,
1956).
- D. A. Ricks, Big Business Blunders:
Mistakes in Multinational Marketing (Homewood
IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1983).
- N. Goodman, An Introduction to
Sociology (New York: Harper Collins, 1991).
- M. E. Porter, The Competitive
Advantage of Nations (New York: Free Press,
1990).
- Ibid., pp. 395 - 97.
- G. Hofstede, "The Cultural Relativity of Organizational
Practices and Theories," Journal of International
Business Studies Fall 1983, pp. 75 - 89.
- For more a detailed critique, see R. Mead, International
Management: Cross-Cultural Dimensions (Oxford:
Blackwell, 1994), pp. 73 - 75.
- For example, see W. J. Bigoness, and G. L. Blakely, "A
Cross-National Study of Managerial Values," Journal
of International Business Studies, December
1996, p. 739; D. H. Ralston, D. H. Holt, R. H. Terpstra, and Y. Kai-Cheng,
"The Impact of National Culture and Economic Ideology on Managerial
Work Values," Journal of International Business
Studies 28, no. 1 (1997), pp. 177 - 208; and
P. B. Smith, M. F. Peterson, and Z. Ming Wang, "The Manager as a Mediator
of Alternative Meanings," Journal of International
Business Studies 27, no. 1 (1996), pp. 115 -
137.
- R. Mead, International Management:
Cross-Cultural Dimensions, chap. 17.
- "Free, Young, and Japanese," The
Economist, December 21, 1991.
- J. Z. Namerwirth and R. P. Weber, Dynamics
of Culture.
- G. Hofstede, "National Cultures in Four Dimensions,"
International Studies of Management and Organization
13, no. 1, pp. 46 - 74.
- R. J. Barnet and J. Cavanagh, Global
Dreams: Imperial Corporations and the New World Order
(New York: Touchstone Books, 1994).
- See M. Aoki, Information, Incentives,
and Bargaining in the Japanese Economy; Dertouzos,
Lester, and Solow, Made in America;
and Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations,
pp. 395 - 97.
- R. J. Barnet and J. Cavanagh, Global
Dreams, p. 33.
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